Конспект занятия "Модальные глаголы."
14.12.16 Модальные глаголы. На занятии мы рассмотрим модальные глаголы should, would, can, must, may, have to, to be to, need, must и др., случаи их употребления, формы и способы перевода. Теоретический материал будет закреплен путем выполнения тренировочных и проверочных упражнений.
Здравствуйте, уважаемые учащиеся! Сегодня мы повторим модальные глаголы. Предлагаем вашему вниманию таблицу, которая систематизирует и дополняет материал, рассмотренный на занятии.
Свойства модальных глаголов:
Выражают не действие, а вероятность, возможность (невозможность) действия.
I can speak English.
2) Глагол, который следует за модальным глаголом, употребляется без to. (Исключение: have to, to be to, ought to) .
They can go home right now.
3) Модальные глаголы не присоединяют окончание – S в третьем лице единственном числе (he, she, it). I can answer your questions.
He can answer your questions.
4) Модальные глаголы участвуют в постановке вопроса и отрицания. Исключение: have to.
They can answer your questions.
? Can they answer your questions?
| VERBS | USES | EXAMPLES | ?,- |
| Can | Физическая,умственная возможность совер-шить действие в наст. времени;
Can not (can’t) – отсутствие возможности или запрет.
Разрешение;
Просьба;
Предложение, вопрос-предложение.
| I can speak English.
I can’t speak to you now. You can’t leave me right now.
Can I use your phone?
Can you open the door for me?
Can I help you? | They can answer your questions. ? Can they answer your questions? - They can not answer your questions.
|
| Must | Категорический долг, обязанность.
Предположение (только в утвердит. предлож.)
Must not – запрет ( в соответствии с прави-лами, инструкцией) | Passengers must label their bags.
He must be crazy.
Passengers must not carry guns or explosives. | Passengers must label their bags. ? Must passengers label their bags? - Passengers must not label their bags. |
| Could | Физическая,умственная возможность совер-шить действие в прош. времени(*);
Разрешение;
Просьба;
Предложение, вопрос-предложение.
| I could swim at the age of five.
Could I ask you a question?
Could you speak up?
We could (могли бы) ask her to help us. | He could swim at the age of five. ? Could he swim at the age of five? - He could not swim at the age of five.
|
| May | Разрешение;
Предположение. | May I borrow your car?
He may be at the library. I am not sure. | He may be at the library. ? May he be at the library? - He may not be at the library.
|
| Might | Возможность, вероятность действия в будущем. | It might be possible to reduce the price. | It might be possible to reduce the price. ? Might it be possible to reduce the price? - It might not be possible to reduce the price.
|
| Will | Обещание;
Факт в будущем;
Предсказание будущего, предположение.
| I will tell him to call you back. How many people will work here? I think it will rain tomorrow. | I will see him tomorrow. ? Will you see him tomorrow? - I will not see him tomorrow? |
| Would | Просьба;
Предложение;
Приглашение.
| Would you speak more slowly please? What would you like to drink? What time would suit you? Would you reduce the price, if we pay cash?
Would you like to come to the party? | I would like a cup of tea. ? Would you like a cup of tea? -I would not like a cup of tea. |
| Shall | Предложение;
Вопрос о последующем действии. | Shall I call a taxi for you?
What shall I do now? | I shall call a taxi for you. ? Shall I call a taxi for you? I shall not call a taxi for you. |
| Should | Рекомендация, совет. | You should consult a doctor. | He should consult a doctor. ? Should he consult a doctor? - He should not consult a doctor.
|
| Ought to | Моральный долг. | You ought to call on your parents more often. | You ought to call on your parents more often. ? Ought I to call on my parents more often? - You ought not to call on your parents more often |
| To be to Наст., буд. время: Is to Am to Are to Прошедшее время: Was to, were to | Долг, который опре-деляется расписанием, должностными обязан-ностями, предваритель-ной договоренностью. | I am to come to the office at 8 o’clock. | I am to come to the office at 8 o’clock. ? Am I to come to the office at 8 o’clock. - I am not to come to the office at 8 o’clock.
|
| Have to Настоящее время: I, you, we, } have to they
he, she, it } has to
Прошедшее время: Все мест-ния - had to
Будущее время: Все мест. – will have to | Долг, который опре-деляется обстоя-тельствами (вынужден, приходится). | I have to work overtime today, there is much work to do. | Настоящее время: We have to work overtime today. ? Do we have to work overtime today? - We do not have to work overtime today. He has to work overtime today. ? Does he have to work overtime today? - He doesn’t have to work over time today. Прошедшее время: We had to work overtime yesterday. ? Did we have to work overtime yesterday? - We didn’t have to work overtime yesterday. Будущее время: They will have to work overtime tomorrow. ? Will they have to work overtime tomorrow? - They will not have to work overtime tomorrow |
(*) Для выражения возможности совершить действие в отдельно взятом случае используется конструкция
TO BE ABLE TO DO SOMETHING,
которая имеет следующие формы:
настоящее время – I am able to help you. (Значение – имею возможность)
He is able to help you.
We are able to help you.
прошедшее время – I was able to help you yesterday. (Значение – смог, удалось).
They were able to help you yesterday.
будущее время - I will be able to help you tomorrow. (Значение– смогу, удасться).
Сравним значение «CAN» и «TO BE ABLE TO DO SOMETHING»:
I can read.
I am able to read this English text without anybody’s help.
